GED Practice Test

Lila walked a distance of 3.2\times{10}^3 yards. Tom covered a distance of 2.5\times{10}^3 yards today. How much further did Lila walk in yards?

*No calculator allowed*

Photosynthesis is a critical process that sustains life on Earth. This biochemical process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where light energy is converted into chemical energy. The general equation for photosynthesis is:

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Light Energy –> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

This equation shows that carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of light energy, are converted into glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis consists of two main stages: the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle.

In the light-dependent reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membranes, chlorophyll absorbs light energy, which is then used to split water molecules into oxygen, protons, and electrons. This process generates ATP and NADPH, which are energy carriers.

The Calvin cycle, also known as the light-independent reactions, occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts. During this cycle, ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions are used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose through a series of enzyme-mediated steps. The glucose produced can be used by the plant for energy or converted into other organic molecules, such as starch and cellulose, for storage and structural purposes.

Photosynthesis not only provides the primary source of energy for plants but also releases oxygen into the atmosphere, which is essential for the respiration of most living organisms. Thus, photosynthesis plays a fundamental role in the Earth’s carbon and oxygen cycles.

Which of the following best explains the role of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

The Declaration of Independence, adopted on July 4, 1776, by the Second Continental Congress, proclaimed the thirteen American colonies’ independence from British rule. The document, primarily drafted by Thomas Jefferson, outlined the colonies’ grievances against King George III and asserted their right to self-governance and independence.

The Declaration of Independence is divided into three main parts: the preamble, the grievances against King George III, and the declaration of independence. The preamble, famously beginning with “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal,” asserts the philosophical principles of natural rights and the consent of the governed. It states that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed and have a duty to protect these rights.

The second part of the Declaration lists specific grievances against King George III, accusing him of various abuses of power, including taxation without representation, quartering of troops, and obstruction of justice. These grievances served to justify the colonies’ decision to declare independence and seek redress for their grievances.

The declaration of independence, the final part of the document, formally declares the colonies’ independence from Britain and asserts their right to establish alliances, trade relationships, and independent governance.

The Declaration of Independence not only declared the colonies’ separation from Britain but also laid the groundwork for the principles of democracy, individual rights, and self-determination that would shape American political thought and inspire movements for independence and rights around the world.

What grievances against King George III are not specifically mentioned in the passage?

The dimension measures of the rectangular prism are 10 cm by w cm by 12 cm, and the volume of this prism is 1200 cubic cm. Find the measure of width w.

The Earth’s atmosphere is composed of several layers, each with distinct characteristics and functions. The troposphere, the lowest layer, extends up to about 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) above sea level. This layer contains approximately 75% of the atmosphere’s mass and is where most weather phenomena occur. The temperature in the troposphere decreases with altitude.

Above the troposphere lies the stratosphere, which extends from about 12 kilometers to 50 kilometers (31 miles) above sea level. One of the most significant features of the stratosphere is the ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Unlike the troposphere, the temperature in the stratosphere increases with altitude due to the absorption of UV radiation by ozone.

The mesosphere extends from 50 kilometers to about 85 kilometers (53 miles) above sea level. This layer is characterized by decreasing temperatures with altitude and is where most meteors burn up upon entering the Earth’s atmosphere.

Above the mesosphere is the thermosphere, which extends from about 85 kilometers to 600 kilometers (373 miles) above sea level. In the thermosphere, temperatures increase significantly with altitude and can reach up to 2,500 degrees Celsius (4,532 degrees Fahrenheit) or higher. This layer contains the ionosphere, a region filled with charged particles that play a crucial role in radio communication and auroras.

The outermost layer of the atmosphere is the exosphere, which extends from about 600 kilometers to 10,000 kilometers (6,200 miles) above sea level. The exosphere gradually fades into the vacuum of space and contains very few particles.

Understanding the structure and composition of the atmosphere is crucial for studying weather patterns, climate change, and environmental protection.

Which atmospheric layer is primarily responsible for protecting living organisms from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation?

Passage 1

Questions 6-10 refer to this passage.

In the early 20th century, the industrial landscape of the United States underwent a significant transformation. This period, often referred to as the Second Industrial Revolution, was characterized by rapid technological advancements and a surge in manufacturing capabilities. One of the most notable innovations was the assembly line, popularized by Henry Ford in the automotive industry. The assembly line method allowed for the mass production of goods, drastically reducing the time and cost of production. This innovation not only revolutionized the manufacturing process but also had a profound impact on the American workforce.

Workers in assembly line factories found themselves performing repetitive tasks, which required less skill compared to traditional craftsmanship. While this shift led to increased efficiency and productivity, it also brought about significant changes in labor dynamics. Many workers faced monotonous and physically demanding work environments, often leading to calls for improved working conditions and labor rights.

Moreover, the rise of mass production had a ripple effect on other sectors of the economy. The availability of affordable consumer goods contributed to the growth of a consumer culture, where Americans could purchase products that were once considered luxuries. This shift not only changed the way people lived but also influenced societal values and expectations.

Despite the economic growth and technological advancements, the period was not without its challenges. The disparity between the wealthy industrialists and the working class became more pronounced, leading to social tensions and labor strikes. These issues highlighted the need for regulatory reforms and better labor practices to ensure fair treatment and wages for all workers.

The Second Industrial Revolution laid the groundwork for the modern industrial economy, setting the stage for future innovations and societal changes. Its legacy can still be seen today in the way goods are produced and consumed, as well as in ongoing discussions about workers’ rights and economic equality.

Which of the following best describes the primary impact of the assembly line on the American workforce during the early 20th century?

Passage 1

Questions 6-10 refer to this passage.

In the early 20th century, the industrial landscape of the United States underwent a significant transformation. This period, often referred to as the Second Industrial Revolution, was characterized by rapid technological advancements and a surge in manufacturing capabilities. One of the most notable innovations was the assembly line, popularized by Henry Ford in the automotive industry. The assembly line method allowed for the mass production of goods, drastically reducing the time and cost of production. This innovation not only revolutionized the manufacturing process but also had a profound impact on the American workforce.

Workers in assembly line factories found themselves performing repetitive tasks, which required less skill compared to traditional craftsmanship. While this shift led to increased efficiency and productivity, it also brought about significant changes in labor dynamics. Many workers faced monotonous and physically demanding work environments, often leading to calls for improved working conditions and labor rights.

Moreover, the rise of mass production had a ripple effect on other sectors of the economy. The availability of affordable consumer goods contributed to the growth of a consumer culture, where Americans could purchase products that were once considered luxuries. This shift not only changed the way people lived but also influenced societal values and expectations.

Despite the economic growth and technological advancements, the period was not without its challenges. The disparity between the wealthy industrialists and the working class became more pronounced, leading to social tensions and labor strikes. These issues highlighted the need for regulatory reforms and better labor practices to ensure fair treatment and wages for all workers.

The Second Industrial Revolution laid the groundwork for the modern industrial economy, setting the stage for future innovations and societal changes. Its legacy can still be seen today in the way goods are produced and consumed, as well as in ongoing discussions about workers’ rights and economic equality.

What does the passage imply about the relationship between technological advancements and social issues during the Second Industrial Revolution?

Passage 1

Questions 6-10 refer to this passage.

In the early 20th century, the industrial landscape of the United States underwent a significant transformation. This period, often referred to as the Second Industrial Revolution, was characterized by rapid technological advancements and a surge in manufacturing capabilities. One of the most notable innovations was the assembly line, popularized by Henry Ford in the automotive industry. The assembly line method allowed for the mass production of goods, drastically reducing the time and cost of production. This innovation not only revolutionized the manufacturing process but also had a profound impact on the American workforce.

Workers in assembly line factories found themselves performing repetitive tasks, which required less skill compared to traditional craftsmanship. While this shift led to increased efficiency and productivity, it also brought about significant changes in labor dynamics. Many workers faced monotonous and physically demanding work environments, often leading to calls for improved working conditions and labor rights.

Moreover, the rise of mass production had a ripple effect on other sectors of the economy. The availability of affordable consumer goods contributed to the growth of a consumer culture, where Americans could purchase products that were once considered luxuries. This shift not only changed the way people lived but also influenced societal values and expectations.

Despite the economic growth and technological advancements, the period was not without its challenges. The disparity between the wealthy industrialists and the working class became more pronounced, leading to social tensions and labor strikes. These issues highlighted the need for regulatory reforms and better labor practices to ensure fair treatment and wages for all workers.

The Second Industrial Revolution laid the groundwork for the modern industrial economy, setting the stage for future innovations and societal changes. Its legacy can still be seen today in the way goods are produced and consumed, as well as in ongoing discussions about workers’ rights and economic equality.

According to the passage, which of the following best describes the broader economic impact of the mass production techniques introduced during the Second Industrial Revolution?

Passage 1

Questions 6-10 refer to this passage.

In the early 20th century, the industrial landscape of the United States underwent a significant transformation. This period, often referred to as the Second Industrial Revolution, was characterized by rapid technological advancements and a surge in manufacturing capabilities. One of the most notable innovations was the assembly line, popularized by Henry Ford in the automotive industry. The assembly line method allowed for the mass production of goods, drastically reducing the time and cost of production. This innovation not only revolutionized the manufacturing process but also had a profound impact on the American workforce.

Workers in assembly line factories found themselves performing repetitive tasks, which required less skill compared to traditional craftsmanship. While this shift led to increased efficiency and productivity, it also brought about significant changes in labor dynamics. Many workers faced monotonous and physically demanding work environments, often leading to calls for improved working conditions and labor rights.

Moreover, the rise of mass production had a ripple effect on other sectors of the economy. The availability of affordable consumer goods contributed to the growth of a consumer culture, where Americans could purchase products that were once considered luxuries. This shift not only changed the way people lived but also influenced societal values and expectations.

Despite the economic growth and technological advancements, the period was not without its challenges. The disparity between the wealthy industrialists and the working class became more pronounced, leading to social tensions and labor strikes. These issues highlighted the need for regulatory reforms and better labor practices to ensure fair treatment and wages for all workers.

The Second Industrial Revolution laid the groundwork for the modern industrial economy, setting the stage for future innovations and societal changes. Its legacy can still be seen today in the way goods are produced and consumed, as well as in ongoing discussions about workers’ rights and economic equality.

Based on the passage, which statement best explains the reason for social tensions during the Second Industrial Revolution?

Passage 1

Questions 6-10 refer to this passage.

In the early 20th century, the industrial landscape of the United States underwent a significant transformation. This period, often referred to as the Second Industrial Revolution, was characterized by rapid technological advancements and a surge in manufacturing capabilities. One of the most notable innovations was the assembly line, popularized by Henry Ford in the automotive industry. The assembly line method allowed for the mass production of goods, drastically reducing the time and cost of production. This innovation not only revolutionized the manufacturing process but also had a profound impact on the American workforce.

Workers in assembly line factories found themselves performing repetitive tasks, which required less skill compared to traditional craftsmanship. While this shift led to increased efficiency and productivity, it also brought about significant changes in labor dynamics. Many workers faced monotonous and physically demanding work environments, often leading to calls for improved working conditions and labor rights.

Moreover, the rise of mass production had a ripple effect on other sectors of the economy. The availability of affordable consumer goods contributed to the growth of a consumer culture, where Americans could purchase products that were once considered luxuries. This shift not only changed the way people lived but also influenced societal values and expectations.

Despite the economic growth and technological advancements, the period was not without its challenges. The disparity between the wealthy industrialists and the working class became more pronounced, leading to social tensions and labor strikes. These issues highlighted the need for regulatory reforms and better labor practices to ensure fair treatment and wages for all workers.

The Second Industrial Revolution laid the groundwork for the modern industrial economy, setting the stage for future innovations and societal changes. Its legacy can still be seen today in the way goods are produced and consumed, as well as in ongoing discussions about workers’ rights and economic equality.

What role did the introduction of the assembly line play in shaping the economic landscape during the Second Industrial Revolution, according to the passage?

The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the late 18th century and spread to other parts of the world, marked a significant shift in economic, social, and technological advancements. This period saw the mechanization of production processes, the growth of factory-based industries, and the development of new transportation and communication systems.

One of the key innovations of the Industrial Revolution was the steam engine, which powered machinery and revolutionized transportation. Steam-powered locomotives and steamships enabled faster and more efficient movement of goods and people, contributing to the growth of global trade and urbanization.

The Industrial Revolution also led to profound social changes. Urbanization accelerated as people moved from rural areas to cities in search of employment in factories. This migration from countryside to cities resulted in overcrowded living conditions, poor sanitation, and social inequalities.

Economically, the Industrial Revolution transformed economies from agrarian-based to industrial-based. It increased production capacities, created new job opportunities in factories, and spurred economic growth. However, it also intensified labor exploitation, especially among working-class populations, leading to calls for labor rights and reforms.

The impact of the Industrial Revolution was not confined to Britain but spread to Europe, North America, and eventually other parts of the world. Its legacy includes advancements in technology, changes in social structures, and debates over industrialization’s environmental and societal impacts.

Which technological innovation played a crucial role in revolutionizing transportation during the Industrial Revolution?

Simplify the following expression:

-{5 + 3 [10x – 3(2x – 4)] + 4}

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in almost all organisms. It is composed of two long strands that form a double helix structure. Each strand is made up of repeating units called nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. There are four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

The sequence of these bases encodes genetic information. In the double helix structure, the bases pair in a specific manner: adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G). This complementary base pairing is crucial for DNA replication and repair.

DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. The double helix unwinds, and each strand serves as a template for the formation of a new complementary strand. Enzymes such as DNA polymerase facilitate the addition of new nucleotides according to the base-pairing rules.

In addition to replication, DNA undergoes transcription and translation to produce proteins, which are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs. During transcription, a segment of DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the genetic information to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. During translation, the ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain, forming a protein.

Mutations in DNA can lead to changes in the protein produced, which may result in various genetic disorders or diseases. However, cells have mechanisms to repair damaged DNA, maintaining the integrity of the genetic code.

What is the primary function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

The Civil Rights Movement in the United States, spanning from the 1950s to the 1960s, was a pivotal struggle for social justice and equality. It aimed to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans and sought to secure civil rights protections guaranteed by the Constitution.

One of the key events of the Civil Rights Movement was the Montgomery Bus Boycott, sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks in 1955 for refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger. This nonviolent protest, led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and others, lasted over a year and resulted in a Supreme Court decision declaring segregated seating on buses unconstitutional.

Another milestone was the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963, where Dr. King delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech. This event brought together over 250,000 demonstrators and called for civil and economic rights for African Americans.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964, signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. This landmark legislation outlawed segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination, marking a significant victory for the Civil Rights Movement.

Despite legal victories, challenges persisted, and the movement continued to advocate for voting rights. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 aimed to overcome barriers such as literacy tests and poll taxes that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote.

The Civil Rights Movement galvanized support for equality and justice, inspiring subsequent movements for women’s rights, LGBTQ+ rights, and other social justice causes.

Which event directly led to a Supreme Court decision declaring segregated seating on buses unconstitutional?

In a mathematics class, the teacher asked students to calculate the mean score of a recent exam. The scores of five students were as follows: 78, 85, 92, 76, and X. If the mean score of these five students is 82, what is the value of X?

The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. This cycle is driven by energy from the sun and involves several key processes: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, and runoff.

Evaporation occurs when the sun heats up water in rivers, lakes, or oceans, turning it into water vapor. This water vapor rises into the atmosphere, where it cools and condenses into tiny droplets, forming clouds. This process is known as condensation.

When the droplets in clouds combine and grow large enough, they fall back to the Earth’s surface as precipitation, which can take the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail. Precipitation replenishes water in bodies of water and provides moisture to the land.

Some of the water that falls on the land infiltrates the ground, becoming part of the groundwater system. This groundwater can eventually feed into rivers, lakes, and oceans. The remaining water flows over the surface as runoff, moving toward larger bodies of water and continuing the cycle.

The water cycle is essential for maintaining life on Earth, as it distributes fresh water across the planet, supporting ecosystems and human activities. It also plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth’s climate by distributing heat through the movement of water.

Which process in the water cycle directly contributes to the formation of clouds?

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and its NATO allies and the Soviet Union and its allies, lasting roughly from the end of World War II in 1945 to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The conflict was characterized by ideological, political, and military rivalry, though direct military confrontation was avoided.

One of the key events of the Cold War was the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962. The crisis was triggered when the United States discovered Soviet ballistic missiles deployed in Cuba, capable of striking targets across North America. This discovery led to a tense standoff between the two superpowers, with the world on the brink of nuclear war. Ultimately, the crisis was resolved diplomatically, with the Soviets agreeing to withdraw their missiles from Cuba in exchange for the U.S. pledging not to invade the island nation.

The Cold War also saw the division of Europe into Eastern and Western blocs, symbolized by the Iron Curtain. The Eastern bloc consisted of Soviet-controlled countries in Eastern Europe, while Western Europe allied itself with the United States through NATO. The ideological struggle between communism and capitalism shaped global politics and led to proxy wars in regions such as Korea, Vietnam, and Afghanistan.

Despite periods of détente and diplomatic negotiations, tensions persisted throughout the Cold War, fueled by competition in space exploration, nuclear arms races, and ideological conflicts. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of the Cold War era, leading to significant geopolitical shifts and the emergence of a unipolar world dominated by the United States.

Which event during the Cold War highlighted the potential for nuclear conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union?

The value of the algebraic expression -5x+\frac{1}{2}x^2-12x^3 at x = -1 is

Plate tectonics is a geological theory that describes the movement of Earth’s lithosphere, which is divided into several large and small plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere below. These plates interact at their boundaries, where geological processes such as earthquakes, volcanism, and mountain building occur.

There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries, where plates move apart; convergent boundaries, where plates collide; and transform boundaries, where plates slide past each other horizontally.

Divergent boundaries are characterized by the upwelling of magma from the mantle, forming new crust as plates move apart. An example of a divergent boundary is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Convergent boundaries occur where plates collide. Depending on the type of plates involved, convergent boundaries can form subduction zones, where one plate sinks beneath another, or mountain ranges, where plates crumple and uplift. The collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate has resulted in the formation of the Himalayas.

Transform boundaries are marked by horizontal displacement along fault lines. The San Andreas Fault in California is a notable example of a transform boundary, where the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate slide past each other, causing frequent earthquakes.

Plate tectonics plays a fundamental role in shaping Earth’s surface and influencing geological phenomena, such as the distribution of continents, the formation of mountains and oceans, and the occurrence of natural hazards.

Which geological phenomenon is primarily associated with transform plate boundaries?

The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic downturn that began in the United States in 1929 and lasted throughout the 1930s. It was triggered by the stock market crash of October 1929, known as Black Tuesday, which led to a collapse in stock prices and widespread panic among investors.

The economic impact of the Great Depression was profound. Industrial production plummeted, businesses failed, and unemployment soared to unprecedented levels. Millions of Americans lost their jobs and homes, and poverty and homelessness became widespread.

One of the key social consequences of the Great Depression was the Dust Bowl, a period of severe dust storms that ravaged the agricultural heartland of the United States during the 1930s. Drought conditions, combined with poor farming practices and strong winds, led to massive dust storms that devastated crops, displaced farmers, and exacerbated the economic hardships faced by rural communities.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration responded to the Great Depression with a series of economic and social reforms known as the New Deal. The New Deal aimed to provide relief, recovery, and reform through programs such as the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which employed millions in public works projects, and the Social Security Act, which established a safety net for the elderly and unemployed.

The Great Depression had lasting effects on American society and politics, leading to increased government intervention in the economy and reshaping the social contract between citizens and the state. It also influenced global economic policies and contributed to the rise of authoritarian regimes in Europe and Asia in the 1930s.

Which New Deal program aimed to provide employment through public works projects during the Great Depression?